Tam sim no, muaj ntau hom tshuaj nplaum uas muaj ib feem xwb uas siv tau rau hauv kev ua lag luam, feem ntau yog cov khoom siv silicone thiab polyurethane. Cov tshuaj nplaum uas muaj ntau hom sib txawv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv cov pab pawg ua haujlwm thiab cov qauv tseem ceeb uas kho tau. Yog li ntawd, muaj ntau lossis tsawg qhov txwv hauv nws cov khoom thiab thaj chaw uas siv tau. Ntawm no, peb qhia txog cov txheej txheem kho ntawm ntau cov tshuaj nplaum uas muaj ib feem xwb thiab piv cov txiaj ntsig thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm ntau hom tshuaj nplaum uas siv tau rau hauv kev ua haujlwm, kom peb nkag siab tob dua thiab xaiv tau zoo hauv kev siv.
1. Cov txheej txheem kho kom zoo ntawm ib qho khoom siv reactive elastic sealant
Cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke uas muaj ib feem ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke feem ntau suav nrog: silicone (SR), polyurethane (PU), silyl-terminated modified polyurethane (SPU), silyl-terminated polyether (MS), Cov prepolymer muaj cov pab pawg ua haujlwm sib txawv thiab cov txheej txheem kho kom zoo sib txawv.
1.1Txoj kev kho kom zoo ntawm silicone elastomer sealant
Daim Duab 1. Txoj kev kho kom khov ntawm cov silicone sealant
Thaum siv cov tshuaj silicone sealant, cov prepolymer ua rau cov dej noo me me hauv huab cua thiab tom qab ntawd khov lossis vulcanizes nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua ntawm cov tshuaj catalyst. Cov khoom seem yog cov tshuaj molecular me me. Lub tshuab tau pom hauv Daim Duab 1. Raws li cov tshuaj molecular me me sib txawv uas tso tawm thaum lub sijhawm kho, silicone sealant kuj tseem tuaj yeem faib ua hom deacidification, hom deketoxime, thiab hom dealcoholization. Cov txiaj ntsig thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov kua nplaum silicone no tau muab tso ua ke hauv Rooj 1.
Rooj 1. Kev sib piv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm ntau hom silicone nplaum
1.2 Txoj kev kho kom zoo ntawm polyurethane elastic sealant
Ib qho khoom siv polyurethane sealant (PU) yog ib hom polymer uas muaj cov ntu urethane rov ua dua (-NHCOO-) hauv cov saw hlau tseem ceeb ntawm lub molecule. Lub tshuab kho yog tias isocyanate reacts nrog dej los tsim cov carbamate nruab nrab tsis ruaj khov, uas tom qab ntawd sai sai decomposes los tsim CO2 thiab amine, thiab tom qab ntawd amine reacts nrog isocyanate ntau dhau hauv lub system, thiab thaum kawg tsim ib qho elastomer nrog cov qauv network. Nws cov mis tshuaj kho yog raws li nram no:
Daim Duab 1. Cov txheej txheem ua kom cov tshuaj polyurethane sealant kho tau
1.3 Txoj kev kho kom zoo ntawm silane-modified polyurethane sealant
Daim Duab 3. Cov txheej txheem ua kom cov tshuaj polyurethane uas hloov kho silane ua kom khov kho
Vim muaj qee qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov polyurethane sealants, polyurethane tau hloov kho los ntawm silane los npaj cov nplaum, tsim ib hom nplaum tshiab nrog cov saw tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv polyurethane thiab pawg kawg alkoxysilane, hu ua silane-modified polyurethane sealant (SPU). Qhov kev kho mob ntawm hom sealant no zoo ib yam li silicone, uas yog, cov pawg alkoxy cuam tshuam nrog cov dej noo kom dhau los ntawm hydrolysis thiab polycondensation los tsim cov qauv ruaj khov Si-O-Si peb-seem network (Daim Duab 3). Cov ntsiab lus sib txuas network thiab ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txuas yog cov qauv polyurethane yooj ywm.
1.4 Txoj kev kho kom zoo ntawm cov tshuaj silyl-terminated polyether sealants
Silyl-terminated polyether sealant (MS) yog ib qho khoom siv nplaum uas muaj ib feem raws li kev hloov kho silane. Nws muab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ob qho tib si polyurethane thiab silicone ua ke, yog ib tiam tshiab ntawm cov khoom nplaum sealant, tsis muaj PVC, silicone roj, isocyanate thiab cov kuab tshuaj. MS nplaum reacts nrog cov dej noo hauv huab cua ntawm chav tsev kub, yog li ntawd cov polymer silanized nrog -Si (OR) LOS YOG -SIR (OR)- qauv yog hydrolyzed ntawm qhov kawg saw thiab cross-linked rau hauv ib qho elastomer nrog Si-O-Si network qauv kom ua tiav kev sib khi thiab kev sib txuas. Cov txheej txheem kho yog raws li nram no:
Daim Duab 4. Txoj kev kho kom zoo ntawm silyl-terminated polyether sealant
2. Kev sib piv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke uas muaj cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke
2.1 Cov txiaj ntsig thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov roj hmab silicone
⑴Qhov zoo ntawm cov silicone sealant:
① Tiv taus huab cua zoo heev, tiv taus oxygen, tiv taus ozone thiab tiv taus ultraviolet; ② Yooj yim hloov pauv kub tsawg.
⑵Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov roj hmab silicone:
① Kho kom zoo nkauj tsis zoo thiab tsis tuaj yeem pleev xim; ② Lub zog tsim kua muag qis; ③ Tsis kam roj txaus; ④ Tsis kam tho qhov; ⑤ Cov txheej nplaum yooj yim tsim cov roj av uas ua rau cov pob zeb, pob zeb thiab lwm yam khoom xoob.
2.2 Cov Zoo thiab Cov Tsis Zoo ntawm Cov Tshuaj Polyurethane Sealants
⑴Qhov zoo ntawm cov polyurethane sealant:
① Kev nplaum zoo rau ntau yam khoom siv; ② Kev ywj pheej zoo heev thaum kub tsawg; ③ Kev ywj pheej zoo thiab cov khoom rov qab zoo heev, tsim nyog rau cov pob qij txha dynamic; ④ Lub zog kho tshuab siab, kev tiv thaiv kev hnav zoo heev, kev tiv thaiv roj thiab kev tiv thaiv kev laus ntawm lub cev; ⑤ Feem ntau cov khoom siv polyurethane sealant uas kho dej noo ib feem tsis muaj cov kuab tshuaj thiab tsis muaj kuab paug rau cov khoom siv thiab ib puag ncig; ⑥ Qhov chaw ntawm cov sealant tuaj yeem pleev xim thiab yooj yim siv.
⑵Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov polyurethane sealant:
① Thaum kho kom zoo hauv qhov kub thiab txias thiab av noo ntawm qhov ceev ceev, cov npuas dej yooj yim tsim, uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov sealant; ② Thaum sib txuas thiab kaw cov khoom ntawm cov khoom tsis muaj qhov (xws li iav, hlau, thiab lwm yam), feem ntau xav tau primer; ③ Ntsug Cov mis xim yooj yim rau UV laus, thiab qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov kua nplaum raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ntim khoom thiab cov xwm txheej sab nraud; ④ Qhov tiv taus cua sov thiab kev tiv taus kev laus tsis txaus me ntsis.
2.3 Cov txiaj ntsig thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj polyurethane uas hloov kho silane
⑴Qhov zoo ntawm silane hloov kho polyurethane sealant:
① Kev kho tsis tsim cov npuas; ② Muaj kev ywj pheej zoo, tiv taus hydrolysis thiab kev ruaj khov tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg; ③ Tiv taus huab cua zoo heev, tiv taus cua sov, tiv taus kev laus, ruaj khov cia khoom; ④ Kev hloov pauv dav dav rau cov substrates, thaum sib txuas Feem ntau, tsis tas yuav muaj primer; ⑤Qhov chaw tuaj yeem pleev xim.
⑵Qhov tsis zoo ntawm silane hloov kho polyurethane sealant:
① Qhov kev tiv thaiv UV tsis zoo li cov silicone sealant; ② Qhov kev tiv thaiv kua muag tsis zoo dua li cov polyurethane sealant.
2.4 Cov txiaj ntsig thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj silyl-terminated polyether sealants
⑴Qhov zoo ntawm silyl-terminated polyether sealant:
① Nws muaj cov khoom sib txuas zoo heev rau feem ntau cov substrates thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav kev sib txuas ua kom tsis muaj primer; ② Nws muaj kev tiv thaiv cua sov zoo dua thiab tiv thaiv UV laus dua li polyurethane ib txwm muaj; ③ Nws tuaj yeem pleev xim rau ntawm nws qhov chaw.
⑵Qhov tsis zoo ntawm silyl-terminated polyether sealant:
① Qhov kev tiv thaiv huab cua tsis zoo li cov silicone silicone, thiab cov kab nrib pleb tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw tom qab laus; ② Qhov kev nplaum rau iav tsis zoo.
Los ntawm cov lus qhia saum toj no, peb muaj kev nkag siab ua ntej txog cov txheej txheem kho ntawm ntau hom kev siv ib leeg-component reactive elastic sealants, thiab los ntawm kev sib piv lawv cov txiaj ntsig thiab qhov tsis zoo, peb tuaj yeem ua tiav kev nkag siab tag nrho ntawm txhua yam khoom. Hauv kev siv ua haujlwm, cov sealant tuaj yeem xaiv raws li cov xwm txheej siv tiag tiag ntawm qhov sib txuas kom ua tiav kev sib khi zoo lossis kev sib txuas ntawm qhov siv.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-15-2023